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Townes–Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare genetic disease that has been described by less than 200 published cases in the literature. It affects both males and females equally.〔(Contact a Family )〕 The condition was first identified in 1972.〔 It was first identified by Philip L. Townes, MD, PhD, who was at the time a human geneticists and Professor of Pediatrics, and Eic Brocks, MD, who was at the time a medical student, both at the University of Rochester. ==Symptoms== TBS patients may have the following symptoms:〔(National Organization for Rare Diseases )〕 *Abnormalities of the external ears (unusually large or small, unusually shaped, sometimes with sensorineural hearing loss or deafness due to lesions or dysfunctions of part of the internal ear or its nerve tracts and centers or conductive hearing loss from the external or middle ear), dysplastic ears, lop ear (over-folded ear helix), preauricular tags or pits (a rudimentary tag of ear tissue typically located just in front of the ear). *Anorectal malformations, including imperforate anus/absence of an anal opening, rectovaginal fistula, anal stenosis, unusually placed anus. *Renal abnormalities, sometimes leading to impaired renal function or renal failure, including hypoplastic kidneys (underdeveloped), multicystic kidneys, dyspastic kidneys. *Heart abnormalities, including tetralogy of fallot and defects of the ventricular septum. *Hand and foot abnormalities, such as hypoplastic thumbs, fingerlike thumbs, syndactyly (webbed fingers/toes), fusion of the wrist bones, overlapping foot and/or toe bones. Learning difficulties have been reported in some children with TBS. For others, intelligence is within the normal range. These abnormalities, which are present prenatally, can range from minor to severe, and as with similar disorders, most individuals with this condition have some, but not all, of these traits. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Townes–Brocks syndrome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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